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  Why the Mughal Empire faced crisis towards the end of the 17th century? a) Later Mughals were very weak. b) The governors started controlling the offices of revenue and military administration. c) The zamindars rebelled due to heavy taxes. d) The Mughal Emperors after Aurangzeb could not hold political and economic authority. e) The rulers of Iran and Afghanistan took advantage of this political crisis and invaded India multiple times. How Asaf Jah made his own independent kingdom? Asaf Jah, the founder of the Hyderabad state, was appointed the Governor of Awadh. Later, he also took charge of the Deccan. He brought skilled soldiers and administrators from the northern India to rule the southern India. He founded the Asaf Jahi Dynasty and ruled independently without any interference. Later, the British became increasingly powerful in that region. How Burhan-ul-Mulk made his own independent kingdom? Burhan-ul-Mulk was appointed the subadar of Awadh in 1722. Awadh was a prosperous r...

  Humans changed from food-gatherers to food cultivators . Microorganisms are the organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye. Microorganisms are also called microbes . Microbes were the first living organisms to appear on earth. Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology. The science which deals with the study of microorganisms is called microbiology . Certain bacteria move with the help of a thread-like structure called flagellum . Biotechnology means using microorganisms to make end products useful to mankind. Curd is fermented whole milk. While making curd, the bacteria act on lactose (milk sugar) in the milk. Curd is high in calcium and helps in preventing osteoporosis . Cottage cheese is formed after removing moisture from curd. Curing of tea and tobacco is done with the help of bacteria . Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. Fungi are also known as saprophytes . Saprophytes means organisms that are the natural cleaners of the environment. The...

  Reproduction means producing young ones of the same kind. In asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved. In sexual reproduction, two parents are involved. Budding is common in yeast . Spirogyra reproduces using fragmentation. Vegetative propagation can be either natural or artificial . The vegetative parts that give rise to new plants are called propagules . Ginger, potato, onion reproduce by stem. Bryophyllum reproduces by leaf. Sweet potato reproduces by root. The flower is the reproductive part of a plant. Stamens are the male reproductive parts of the flower. Carpels are the female reproductive parts of the flower. Lotus and Trapa are aquatic plants but they are pollinated by insects. Name two organisms in which one cell divides into 4 daughter cells. a) Chlorella b) Chlamydomonas What are the two types/modes of reproduction in plants? a) Asexual reproduction b) Sexual reproduction What is binary fission? In this method, the nucleus splits into two and the...

 All animals, including humans, belong to the kingdom Animalia . Animals that depend on plants and other animals for food are known as heterotrophs . The backbone is also called the  vertebral column . Animals with a backbone are called vertebrates . Animals without a backbone are called invertebrates . Invertebrates are divided into eight major phyla. Coelenterates have a radially symmetrical body. The tentacles in cnidarians have stinging cells called cnidoblasts . Earthworms are considered as a farmer's friend. Flatworms are the simplest worms or animals without legs. Annelids have special organs called nephridia for excretion. Exoskeleton is a rigid external covering of the body found in some invertebrates that provide support and protection. In arthropods, an image is formed in several pieces. This type of vision is called mosaic vision . Echinoderms have an unsegmented body. Octopus is the largest among invertebrates. Young frogs called tadpoles breathe through g...

A binary file named "ABC.DAT" contains the product code (pc), unit price (up) and quantity (q) for number of items. Write a method to accept a product code 'p' and check the availability of the product and display with an appropriate message. The method declaration is as follows: void findpro(int p) import java.io.*; import java.util.Scanner; class ReadData{     public static void main(String[] args){         Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("Product code to be searched: ");         int p = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());         findpro(p);     }     public static void findpro(int p){         boolean eof = false;         boolean found = false;         try{             FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("ABC.DAT");           ...

Write a Java program to perform matrix multiplication. Multiplication of two matrices is possible only if number of columns in matrix A = number of rows in matrix B. The dimensions of the resulting matrix will be: Number of rows of matrix A × Number of columns of matrix B. import java.util.Scanner; class Multiply{     public static void main(String[] args){         Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("Rows of matrix 1: ");         int r1 = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());         System.out.print("Columns of matrix 1: ");         int c1 = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());         System.out.print("Rows of matrix 2: ");         int r2 = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());         System.out.print("Columns of matrix 2: ");         int c2 = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());   ...

Write a Java program to declare a matrix a[][] of order m × n, where 'm' is the number of rows and 'n' is the number of columns such that m and n are positive integers. Accept the elements i.e. positive integers into this matrix. Now check and display the highest elements row-wise and the lowest elements column-wise. Test the program for the following data and some random data. import java.util.Scanner; class Matrix{     public static void main(String args[]){         Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);         System.out.print("m = ");         int m = Math.abs(Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine()));         System.out.print("n = ");         int n = Math.abs(Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine()));         int a[][] = new int[m][n];         int i, j;         System.out.println("Enter matrix elements:");         ...