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Class 8 India in the Eighteenth Century

  Why the Mughal Empire faced crisis towards the end of the 17th century? a) Later Mughals were very weak. b) The governors started controlling the offices of revenue and military administration. c) The zamindars rebelled due to heavy taxes. d) The Mughal Emperors after Aurangzeb could not hold political and economic authority. e) The rulers of Iran and Afghanistan took advantage of this political crisis and invaded India multiple times. How Asaf Jah made his own independent kingdom? Asaf Jah, the founder of the Hyderabad state, was appointed the Governor of Awadh. Later, he also took charge of the Deccan. He brought skilled soldiers and administrators from the northern India to rule the southern India. He founded the Asaf Jahi Dynasty and ruled independently without any interference. Later, the British became increasingly powerful in that region. How Burhan-ul-Mulk made his own independent kingdom? Burhan-ul-Mulk was appointed the subadar of Awadh in 1722. Awadh was a prosperous r...

Class 8 Food Production

  Humans changed from food-gatherers to food cultivators . Microorganisms are the organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye. Microorganisms are also called microbes . Microbes were the first living organisms to appear on earth. Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology. The science which deals with the study of microorganisms is called microbiology . Certain bacteria move with the help of a thread-like structure called flagellum . Biotechnology means using microorganisms to make end products useful to mankind. Curd is fermented whole milk. While making curd, the bacteria act on lactose (milk sugar) in the milk. Curd is high in calcium and helps in preventing osteoporosis . Cottage cheese is formed after removing moisture from curd. Curing of tea and tobacco is done with the help of bacteria . Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen. Fungi are also known as saprophytes . Saprophytes means organisms that are the natural cleaners of the environment. The...