Class 8 Food Production

1.  Humans changed from food-gatherers to food cultivators.
2. Microorganisms are the organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye.
3. Microorganisms are also called microbes.
4. Microbes were the first living organisms to appear on earth.
5. Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microbiology.
6. The science which deals with the study of microorganisms is called microbiology.
7. Certain bacteria move with the help of a thread-like structure called flagellum.
8. Biotechnology means using microorganisms to make end products useful to mankind.
9. Curd is fermented whole milk.
10. While making curd, the bacteria act on lactose (milk sugar) in the milk.
11. Curd is high in calcium and helps in preventing osteoporosis.
12. Cottage cheese is formed after removing moisture from curd.
13. Curing of tea and tobacco is done with the help of bacteria.
14. Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen.
15. Fungi are also known as saprophytes.
16. Saprophytes means organisms that are the natural cleaners of the environment.
17. The blackish cottony growth on stale breads is a fungus called bread mold.
18. Yeasts grow readily in all kinds of sugary solutions.
19. Yeasts contain vitamins of B group and E group.
20. Yeast is fermented to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
21. Agriculture is the science of growing plants and other crops and rearing of animals for food and other human needs.
22. Crop plants are the plants of same kind grown on a large scale.
23. Rice is the most common kharif crop of India.
24. Wheat is an important rabi crop of India.
25. Horticulture deals with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, mushrooms, algae and medicinal plants.
26. Organic farming is the practice of raising crops without synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
27. M S Swaminathan played a major role in implementing green revolution.
28. Animals domesticated for home companionship are called pets.
29. Animals domesticated for food or work are called livestock.
30. Draught animals are animals that are reared for heavy work.
31. Cross breeds of cows are developed by mating bulls of exotic breeds with the cows of the indigenous ones.
32. The main architect of India's white revolution was Mr. Verghese Kurien.
33. Poultry farming is the process of raising domesticated birds.
34. The most popular indigenous breed of poultry is Aseel.
35. Fish oil is rich in Vitamins A and D.
36. Aquaculture means the production and farming of useful aquatic animals.
37. Pisciculture means the production and management of fishes only.
38. Fish eggs (known as fish seeds) are put in nurseries called hatcheries.
39. Mariculture involves the rearing of marine organisms in an enclosed section of an ocean, tanks, ponds, etc.
40. The artificial rearing of silkworm and production of silk is called sericulture.
41. The rearing of honeybees to obtain honey is known as apiculture.
42. The place where the bees are kept is called an apiary.
43. The most common species of the Indian variety of honeybee is Apis indica.
44. Beeswax is used in the manufacture of candles, polishes, cosmetics, etc.
45. Microorganisms are found everywhere. True
46. Most of the microorganisms are unicellular. True
47. Generally, microbes are harmful. True
48. Leeuwenhoek was the first to describe the shape of bacteria. True
49. A bacterium is without a nuclear membrane. True
    
50. Some bacteria do not require oxygen to survive. True
51. Bacteria in intestine helps in synthesizing Vitamin B. True
52. Fungi maybe unicellular or multicellular. True
53. Fungi do not have chlorophyll. True
54. Mushroom is a type of fungi. True
55. Yeast is a unicellular fungus. True
56. Some mushrooms maybe poisonous. True
57. Yeasts are found freely in the atmosphere. True
58. The yeast cell is ovoid in shape. True
59. Honey is rich in carbohydrates. True
60. HYV: High Yielding Varieties
    
61. AMUL: Anand Milk Union Limited
62. Name the various shapes of bacteria.
    a) Round (coccus)
    b) Rod-shaped (bacillus)
    c) Helical (spirillum)
    d) Comma-shaped (vibrio)
63. Name the bacteria used in making curd.
    a) Lactobacillus bulgaricus
    b) Lactobacillus acidophilus
64. Name two bacteria that enriches the soil.
    a) Nitrosomonas
    b) Nitrobacter
65. How bread and other baked items made soft?
    Due to the presence of CO₂ formed by the fermentation by yeast.
66. Name the two categories of cultivated crops.
    a) Food crops (for production of food): cereals, pulses, etc.
    b) Cash crops (for commercial purpose): rubber, tea, coffee, spices, etc.
67. Name the two categories of crops based on season.
    a) Kharif crops (autumn crops): raised in the rainy season.
    b) Rabi crops (winter crops).
68. Name the three types of cow breeds.
    a) Draught
    b) Dual purpose (Haryana, Dangi, Tharparkar)
    c) Dairy
69. Name the three types of breeds of dairy cows.
    a) Indigenous (Indian) breeds: Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Gir
    b) Exotic (Foreign) breeds: Jersey, Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss)
    c) Cross breeds: Karan-Fries, Frieswal
70. Name the three breeds of buffaloes.
    a) Murrah (original breed of Haryana and Punjab)
    b) Mehsana (from Gujarat)
    c) Surti (Kaira, Vadodara of Gujarat)
71. Name some important breeds of goats in India.
    a) Gaddi
    b) Kashmiri Pashmina
    c) Marwari
72. Name two important breeds of sheep in India.
    a) Nali
    b) Deccani
73. Name two indigenous breeds of pigs.
    a) Desi
    b) Ghori
74. Name two exotic breeds of pigs.
    a) Berkshire
    b) Large White Yorkshire
75. Name two exotic breeds of poultry.
    a) White Leghorn
    b) Rhode Idland Red
76. Name the four varieties of silk.
    a) Mulberry
    b) Tassar
    c) Eri
    d) Mugga
77. What are the two types of animals that provide food?
    a) Milk-yielding (milch animals)
    b) Meat and egg yielding
78. What is green revolution?
    It was a period when agricultural productivity increased greatly due to the introduction of agronomic technology.
79. What is animal husbandry?
    The branch of biology that deals with feeding, sheltering, caring and breeding of domesticated animals.
80. Explain white revolution.
    The Indian Government's programme named "operation flood" in 1970 had the aim of increasing milk production. This resulted in India becoming the largest producer of milk and milk products in the world and hence it is called the 'White Revolution' of India.
81. Write the main objectives of 'operation flood'.
    a) Increased milk production
    b) Increase dairy farm income
    c) Easy availability of milk at a fair price for all
82. What is reeling?
    It is the process of recovering thread from the killed cocoons.